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Tag: APA citation style

  • APA citation style

    It is a citation style used in psychology, nursing, business, communications, engineerings and social sciences.

    It requires four elements for every citation which includes:

    • author of the content
    • publish date
    • title
    • publication data

    The general guidelines for using this format in citing your sources includes:

    Author Names
    • Start with name of the author and invent the names such that the last name comes first, then comma and then the initials and leave a space between the initials.
    publish Date
    • place the year between the parenthesis and end it with a period.
    Title
    • Capitalize only the first letter of the first word. For a two part title, capitalize the first word of the second part of the title.
    • Capitalize the proper nouns and do not italicize but end with a period

    Specifications for a Journal Article

    The general format for a journal is:

    Author last name, FirstName initial. middleName initial., & Author Name, initial. initial. (Year). Title of the article.Name of the periodical, volume(issue), page. url-link.

    Periodical name
    • Capitalize all major words in the periodical names.
    • follow with a comma
    • italicize the periodical name but not the comma after it.
    Volume number
    • Italicize the volume number
    • Do not put a space between the volume number and the issue number
    issue number
    • Do not italicize the issue number or parenthesis
    • Follow the parenthesis with a comma
    • if there is no issue number, follow the volume number with a comma
    page range
    • use an en dash to include page range
    • do not put spaces around the en dash
    • end with a period
    Date of issue
    • Include a date of issue for all articles that have one
    • Do not put a period after the date of issue

    Specifications for a book

    The general format is :

    Author, FirstName initial. middleName Initials., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book (7th ed.).Publisher. DOI or URL

    Author Names
    • Invert names so that the last name comes first,followed by a comma and the initials.
    • Leave a space between initials.
    • Retain the order of authors’ names.
    Copyright year
    • Place the copyright year in parentheses.
    • End with a period.
    Title
    • Capitalize only the first letter of the first word.
    • For a two-part title, capitalize the first word of the second part of the title.
    • Also capitalize proper nouns.
    • Italicize the title.
    • End with a period.
    Edition
    • if book has edition or volume include the number in parentheses after the title but before the period.
    • If both, show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma.
    • Do not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information
    publisher
    • Include the name of the publisher, followed by a period.
    • Do not include the publisher location.
    • If there multiple publishers , separate them with a semicolon.
    Date of Issue
    • Include a DOI if available.
    • Do not include a URL or database information for works from academic research databases.
    • Include a URL for ebooks from other websites.
    • Do not put a period after the DOI or URL.

    Citing a chapter in an edited Book

    The general format is :

    Author, FirstName initial. middleName Initials., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (2nd ed., pp. #–#). Publisher. DOI or URL

    specific formatting should be:

    • Place the copyright year in parentheses and end with a period.
    Title of the book chapter
    • In the title, Capitalize only the first letter of the first word.
    • For a two-part title, capitalize the first word of the second part of the title.
    • Also capitalize proper nouns but do not italicize.
    • End title with a period
    Book editors
    • Write the word “In” and the initials and last name of
      each editor.
    • Use “(Ed.)” for one editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple
      editors.
    • End with a comma.
    Book Title
    • Provide the title of the book in which the chapter appears.
    • Capitalize only the first letter of the first word.
    • For a two-part title, capitalize the first word of the second part of the title.
    • capitalize proper nouns.
    • Italicize the book title.
    Edition and page number
    • Include the chapter page range and with a period.
    • if book book has an edition or volume number, include the number in parentheses before the page range.
    • If both, show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma,
      before the page range.
    • Do not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information.
    publisher
    • Include the name of the publisher followed by a period.
    • Do not include the publisher location.
    • If there are multiple publishers, separate them with a semicolon.
    DOI and URL
    • Include a DOI if available.
    • Do not include a URL or database information for works from
      academic research databases.
    • Include a URL for ebooks from other websites.
    • Do not put a period after the DOI or URL.

    Citing a website

    Contributor last name First Name initial, last Name initial, suffix,(publish Date).Title.website name.Date accessed from url

    Example:

    Njuguna, C. W., Dr. (2024, April 5). Preparing a speech. Easy Simple Learning. Retrieved April 20, 2024, from https://precisestudy.online

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